Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE ATTITUDE OF WOMEN ON THEIR EMPOWERMENT IN A SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITY OF BANGALORE (INDIA)

Geeta Das

Abstract


India still has one of the lowest female literacy rates in Asia, which means today there are over 200 million illiterate women in India. This paper discusses about the attitude of women on their empowerment in a selected rural community of Bangalore through a descriptive research design. In the present study, the sample consists of 100 rural women, who are in age group of between 20-60 years from Chikkabasti and Doddabasti, Bangalore, who fulfill the inclusion criteria for the study. The score total mean percentage 81.4 percent and standard deviation 8.2 percent on attitude of women empowerment. With regards to women’s attitude level score association their socio-demographic variables shows that there was an association between women’s attitude and variables like marital status, age at marriage, number of children, education, occupation, religion and family income.

Keywords


Women empowerment, Women attitude, Attitude and empowerment, Women shakti, Empowerment, Women.

Full Text:

PDF

References


ADB. (2003). “A Partnership for Change in slums of Karnataka, India”, 15 December, accessed on 27 August, available online: http://www.adb.org /media/ printer.asp? article/D-3918

Agatha N, Eguavoen T, Sims O, Odiagbe, and GI, Obetoh. (2007). “The status of women, Sex Preference, Decision – Making and Fertility Control in Ekpoma Community of Nigeria”, J. Soc. Sci., Vol.15(1), pp.43-49.

Albee A. (1994). “Support to Women’s productive and income Generating Activities”, May, accessed 23 Aug 2007, available online: http://www.gdre.org/icm/wind/ wind-unicef-wp.html

Al Riyami A, Afifi M, and Mabry RM. (2004). “Women’s autonomy, education and employment in Oman and their influence on contraceptive use”, PMID:15242223, Reprod Health Matters, May, Vol.12(23), pp.144-154.

Augusto LC, and Zahidi S. (2005). “Women’s Empowerment : Measuring the Global Gender Gap”, World Economic Forum, Geneva, accessed on 12 September 2006, available online: http://www.Hebi.n/m.nih.Gov.

Basavanthappa BT. (1998). “Nursing research”, Jaypee Brothers Publications, New Delhi, pp.98-100.

Burra N, Deshmukh RJ, and Murthy R. (2005). “Micro–Credit, Poverty and empowerment: linking the Triad”, Sage Publication, New Delhi.

Bushamuka VN, De Pee S, Talukdar A, Kiess L, Panagides D, and Taher A, et al. (2005). “Impact of a homestead gardening program on household food security and empowerment of women in Bangladesh”, PMID:15810795, Food Nutr Bull., March, Vol.26(1), pp.17-25.

Coonrod CS. (1998). “Chronic hunger and the status of women in India; New movements and new theories in India”, June, accessed on 3 September 2006, available online: http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Currie D, and Wiesenberg S. (2003). “Promoting women’s health seeking behaviour: Research and the empowerment of women”, Health Care Women Int., PMID : 147421272003, 24 December, Vol.24(10), pp.880-899.

Deccan. (2001). “A Task force on women empowerment Ensures women welfare schemes reach target audience”, CBR Network.Org, March, available online: http://www.hebi,n/m.nih.Gov.

Dugassa BF. (2005). “Women’s rights and health: the case of Oromo women in Ethiopia”, PMID : 15804914, Health Care Women Int., February, Vol.26(2), pp.149-169.

Education.nic.in. (2007). “Education for women’s Equality”, accessed on 23 August, available online: http://www.education.nic.in/ed 50yrs/12/8i/6B/8I6B0401.html

Fahy K. (2002). “Reflecting on practice to The arise empowerment for women: using Foucault’s Concepts”, Case Reports Review, PMID : 12017043, Aust. J Midwifery, Vol,15(1), pp.5-13.

Fong M, and Perrett H. (1991). “Women and Credit”, FINAFRICA, Cariplo Press, Milan, Italy.

Goyal A. (2007). “Women’s Empowerment through Gender Budgeting – A Review in the Indian Contest”, accessed on 27 August, accessed online: http//www. google.com

Gupta K, and Yesudian P. (2006). “Evidence of Women’s empowerment in India : a study of socio spatial disparities”, Springer, Geo jour, May, Vol.65(4), pp.365-380, accessed on 27 August 2007, available online: http://www. ingentaconnect.com

Handy F, and Kassam M. (2004). “Women’s empowerment in rural India”, Paper presented at the ISTR conference, Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada, July.

IDRE. (2003). “IT mediated rural women education and dissemination of health information – A pilot: projection proposal”, March, accessed on 23 August 2007, available online: http://www.idre.ca/ep

ILO News. (2004). “More Women are entering the global labour force, but job equality, poverty reduction remain elusive Geneva”, 5 Mar, accessed on 23 August 2007, available online: http://www.nwmindia.org/resources/research/women.globallabournojobequality.html

Johnson DM, Worell J, and Chandler RK. (2005). “Assessing psychological health and empowerment in women; the personal progress scale revised evaluation studies”, PMID: 16048871, Women Health, Vol.41(1), pp.109-129.

Kothari CR. (2004). “Research methodology, Methods and Techniques”, 2nd edition, New Age International (P) Ltd, New Delhi.

Lawson A. (2001). “Freedom to be One’s Self: Appalachian Women’s Perspectives on Empowerment”, Blacksburg, Virginia, May.

Malhotra A, and Mather M. (1997). “Do Schooling and Work Empower women in developing Countries?”, Gender and Domestic Decisions in Sri Lanka, Netherlands Forum, Springer Link Journal Article, December, Vol.12(4), accessed on 23 August 2007, available online: http://www.springerlink.com/content/u137h53/300v/414

Malhotra A, Schuler S, and Boender C. (2002). “Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development”, Paper commissioned by the Gender and Development Group of the World Bank, in support of an ongoing policy research effort on gender and development issues, and by the World Bank’s Social Development Group, with funding from a Norwegian trust fund, as part of a larger study on Empowerment and Social Inclusion.

Messias DK, Jong MK, and Mcloughlin K. (2005). “Being involved and making a difference: empowerment and well-being among women living in poverty”, University of South Cardina, USA, PMID: 15665269, J. Holist Nurs, Mar, accessed 3 September 2006, Vol.23(1), pp.70-88.

MHR. (2001). “National policy for the Empowerment of Women – 2001, India”, Department of women and child Development, Ministry of Human Resource, New Delhi, India.

Muralikrishna KVSG. (2005). “Women who inspired the world”, Environmental Protection Society, Andhra Pradesh, pp.3-5.

Pandey V. (2005). “Empowering Women in India: Changing Horizons – The Kalanjiam experience”, Asiatica Association, accessed on 3 September 2006, available online: http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Parikh IJ, and Garg PK. (1989). “Indian Women: An Inner Dialogue”, Sage Publications, New Delhi, pp.34-42.

Park K. (2007). “Park’s text Book of preventive and social Medicine”, 19th edition, Banarasidas Bhanot, Jabalpur, p.444.

Polit DF, and Hungler BP. (1999). “Nursing research, principles and Methods”, 6th edition, Lippincott, Philadelphia.

Pradhan N. (1992). “A Study of Secondary School Teachers’ Attitude Towards Some Selected Aspects of Teaching-Learning Process: The Effect of Sex and Management of School”, Teacher Education, New Delhi.

Purushanthaman S. (1989). “The Empowerment of women in India, Grassroots Women’s Networks and state”, Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, pp.218-281.

Ramanjaneyulu M. (2006). “Economic Empowerment of women in India”, 15th edition, Anmol Publications, New Delhi.

Rappaport J. (1987). “Terms of empowerment/Exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology”. American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol.15(2), pp.121-148.

Rowland-Serdar B, and Schwartz-Shea P. (1991). “Empowering women: Self, autonomy, and responsibility”, The Western Political Quarterly, Vol.44(3), pp.605-624.

Sabhlok SG. (2006). “Self – Help as a streategy for women’s Development in India”, The university of Melbourne, Australia, 16th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia Wollongong, June, pp.26-29.

Scribner JP, Allen DT, and Hager RD. (2000). “An Exploratory Study of Career and Technical Education Teacher Empowerment: Implications for School Leaders”, University of Missouri, Columbia.

Setharaman K, Lansdown R, and Sullivan K. (2006). “Women’s empowerment and domestic violence: the role of socio-cultural determinants in maternal and child under nutrition in tribal and rural communities in South India”, PMID: 16786979, Food Nutre Bull, June, Vol.27(2), pp.128-143.

Shearer NB. (2004). “Relationships of contextual and relational factors to health empowerment in women”, PMID : 15776756, Res Theory News Pract., Winter, Vol.18(4), pp.357-370.

Shrestha S. (2003). “A conceptual model for empowerment of the female community health volunteers in Nepal”, PMID : 14741880, Educ Health (Abingdon), November, Vol.16(3), pp.318-327.

Sridevi TO. (2005). “Empowerment of Women: A systematic Analysis”, India Development Foundation, Tamil Nadu, June, available online: http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Swaminathan P. (2006). “The power of women’s organizing”, Book Review, THE HINDU, accessed on 27 Aug 2007, available online: http://www.the hindu.com/the hindu /br/2006/08/15

Tomey AM. (1994). “Nursing Theorists and their work”, 3rd edition, Mosby, Missouri, pp.423-436.

Turksma R. (2007). “Women’s Empowerment And Literacy”, 2nd Asian Regional Literacy Fourm, (Literacy on line) UNESCO Regional Office, New Delhi, accessed on 23 Aug, available online: http://literacy.Org/products/ili/wedoes/miet.html

U.N. Habitat. (2007). “Best Practices Briefs Women Empowerment Practices”, accessed on 23 August, available online: URL:http://www.bestpractices.org/bpbriefs/women.html

United Nations Population Information Network (POPIN). (2007). “Guidelines on Women’s Empowerment”, UN Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UN population Fund (UNFPA), accessed on 2 June 2007, available online: http:// www.undp.org/popin

Uys LR, Bhengee BR, and Majumdar B. (2006). “The use of PHC clinic based women’s groups for financial empowerment in a rural area”, University of Kwazulu –Natal, Durban, PMID:16817489, Curationis, March, Vol.29(1), pp.25-31.

Vianello M, and Siemienska R. (1990). “Gender Inequality: A Comparative Study of Discrimination and Participation”, SAGE Publications, New Delhi.

Victoria VA. (1998). “Women of the world: Women’s Education in India”, International Programs center : US Department of Commerce Economic and Statistics Administration Bureau of the Centers. WID / 98-1, October, available online: http://www.Hebi.n/m.nih.gov.

Yesudian PP. (2004). “Impact of Women’s Empowerment, Autonomy and Attitude on Maternal Health Care utilization in India”, Global Forum for Health Research. Forum 8, Mexico City, Nov.

Zimmerman MA. (1995). “Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations”, American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol.23(5), pp.581-599.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Send mail to ijsar@ijsar.com with questions or comments about this web site. 

International Journal of Social and Allied Research, All rights reserved.